Reference ranges for blood tests
Interpretation
The range is generally defined as the set of values 95 percent of the population falls within normal (that is, 95% prediction interval), or two standard deviations from the mean, although the definition may vary (see Definition reference range). Is determined by collecting data from a large number of laboratory tests.
Plasma or whole blood
All values (unless otherwise below) show concentration of blood plasma, which is approximately 60-100% greater than the concentration in real blood, if the amount in red blood cells (GR) is negligible. The precision factor depends on hematocrit, as well as the quantity within red blood cells. The exceptions are mainly the values that denote the total concentration of the blood, and in this article are:
All values of Haematology - red blood cells (except for hemoglobin in plasma)
All values of Haematology - white blood cells
Platelet count (PLT)
A few values are for within red blood cells only:
Vitamin B9 (folic acid and folic acid) in red blood cells
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
Units
concentration mass (g / dL g / L) is the most common unit of measurement in the United States. Usually administered with dl (dl) as the denominator in the United States and usually with L (liters), for example, Sweden.
The molar concentration (mol / L) is used to a greater degree in most of the rest of the world, including the United Kingdom and other parts of Europe and Australia and New Zealand.
international units (IU) is based on measuring the biological activity or effect, or for some substances, a mass specified.
The enzyme activity (kat) is commonly used to for example, liver function tests such as AST, ALT, LD-GT and Sweden.
Arterial or venous
Unless specified otherwise, a reference range for a blood test is usually the venous range, as the standardization process of obtaining samples by venipuncture. One exception is for acid-base and blood gases, which normally apply to arterial blood.
However, the blood values are approximately equally between the arterial and venous parts for most substances, with the exception of acid-base, blood gases and drugs (used in monitoring therapeutic (TDM) trials). arterial drug levels are generally higher than levels vein removal because it passes through the tissues.
Inaccuracy
Main article: Reference range # Inaccuracy
References range may vary with age, sex, race, diet, use of prescription medications or herbal stress and even the instruments used. The samples may deviate from the normal distribution. Moreover, reference ranges only indicate what the typical values in the population, and do not correlate directly with the ranges for optimal health. In case of substantial difference, there may be an optimal range for the substance. Finally, the test procedure itself can be misleading or inaccurate.
Sorted by concentration
A printer is a separate combined image available for the mass and the molarity
Smaller, narrow boxes indicate a homeostatic regulation closer when measured as a standard "range reference standard. "
Mass and molarity
Hormones are predominant in the left side of the scale, is shown with a red ng / L or pmol / L, being in very low concentration. There seems to be the largest group of substances in the yellow part (g / L or nmol / L), more and more scarce in the green (mg / L or mol / L). However, There is another group that contains many metabolic substances such as cholesterol and glucose on the border with the blue (g / L or mmol / L).
A translation of a substance from the molar concentration scale mass above:
Numerically: molar mass concentration x = molar mass concentration
Measured directly in distance scales:
, Wherein the distance is the number of decades or "octave" to the right of the mass concentration is found. To translate mass to the molar concentration, the dividends (molar mass and the divisor (1000) in exchange division sites, or alternatively, the distance to the right is changed distance to the left. Substances with a molar mass around 1000g/mol (eg, thyroxine) are aligned almost vertically into the body and images of the molars. hormone ACTH, however, with a molar mass of 4540, is 0.7 years in the dough right image. Substances with molar mass below 1000g/mol electrolytes (for example, and metabolites) would have "negative" distance, ie the masses are diverted to the left.
Many substances since the concentration of masses are given in molar quantity, as not being added to the article.
For units
The units are not necessarily say anything about molarity or mass.
Some substances are below the main range, for example, thyroid-stimulating hormone that is measured in mU / L, or above, such as rheumatoid factor and CA19-9, measured in U / mL.
Enzyme activity
White blood cells
Biochemical
Clinical chemistry (also known as "The clinical chemistry, "Chemical pathology" or "pure blood chemistry) is the area often referred pathology the analysis of body fluids.
The electrolytes and metabolites
The electrolytes and metabolites: For iron and copper, also some related proteins included.
Test
The typical patient
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Comments
Sodium (Na)
135, 137
145, 147
mmol / L or mEq / L
31, 32
33, 34
mg / dl
Potassium (K)
3.5, 3.6
5.0, 5.1
mmol / L or mEq / L
View hypokalemia or hyperkalemia
14
20
mg / dl
Chloride (Cl)
95, 98, 100
105, 106, 110
mmol / L or mEq / L
340
370
mg / dl
Osmolality
275, 280, 281
295, 296, 297
mOsm / kg
weight plasma solutes excluded
Osmolarity
Slightly less than the osmolality
mOsm / l
Plasma volume includes solutes
Urea
1.2, 3.0
3.0, 7.0
mmol / L
BUN - N blood urea
7
18, 21
mg / dL
* Uric acid
0.18
0.48
mmol / L
Female
2.0
7.0
mg / dL
Masculine
2.1
8.5
mg / dL
Creatinine
male
60, 68
90, 118
mol / L
It can be supplemented with creatinine clearance
0.7, 0.8
1.0, 1.3
mg / dL
female
50, 68
90, 98
mol / L
0.6 0.8
1.0, 1.1
mg / dL
BUN / creatinine
5
35
-
Plasma glucose (fasting)
3.8, 4.0
6.0, 6.1
mmol / L
See also glycosylated hemoglobin (hematology)
65, 70, 72
100, 110
mg / dL
Complete blood glucose (fasting)
3.3
5.6
mmol / L
60
100
mg / dL
total serum iron (TSI)
male
65, 76
176, 198
g / dL
11.6, 13.6
30, 32, 35
mol / L
female
26, 50
170
g / dL
4.6, 8.9
30.4
mol / L
newborns
100
250
g / dL
18
45
mol / L
children
50
120
g / dL
9
21
mol / L
The total iron binding capacity (TIBC)
240, 262
450, 474
g / dL
43, 47
81, 85
mol / L
Transferrin
190, 194, 204
326, 330, 360
mg / dL
25
45
mol / L
Saturation transferrin
20
50
%
Ferritin
Masculine
12
300
ng / mL
27
670
pmol / L
Female
12
150
ng / mL
27
330
pmol / L
Ammonia
10, 20
35, 65
mol / L
17, 34
60, 110
g / dL
Copper
70
150
g / dL
11
24
mol / L
Ceruloplasmin
15
60
mg / dL
1
4
mol / L
Lactate (Venosa)
4.5
19.8
mg / dL
0.5
2.2
mmol / L
Lactate (arterial)
4.5
14.4
mg / dL
0.5
1.6
mmol / L
Pyruvate
300
900
g / dL
34
102
mol / L
Acid-base and blood gas
More information: acid-base homeostasis
More information: arterial blood gases
Arterial and venous If not specified for an acid-base or blood gas value, generally refers to the arteries and veins that otherwise is not standard.
Acid-base and blood gases are among the components of blood have some substantial difference between arterial and venous values. However, the pH, bicarbonate and base excess showed a high level of inter-method test of trust between arterial and venous values for arterial and venous are more or less equivalent for them.
Test
Arterial / venous
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Comments
pH
Arterial
7.34, 7.35
7.44, 7.45
Venous
7.31
7.41
[H +]
Arterial
36
44
nmol / L
3.6
4.4
ng / dL
Base Excess
Arterial and venous
-3
3
mEq / L
pressure of oxygen (PO2)
Arterial
10, 11
13, 14
kPa
75, 83
100, 105
mmHg or torr
Venous
4.0
5.3
kPa
30
40
mmHg or torr
Oxygen saturation
Arterial
94, 95, 96
100
%
Venous
Approximately 75
Carbon dioxide (CO2)
Arterial
4.4, 4.7
5.9, 6.0
kPa
Designated pCO2
33, 35
44, 45
mmHg or torr
23
30
mmol / L
100
132
mg / dL
Venous
5.5
6.8
kPa
41
51
mmHg or torr
Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Arterial and venous
18
23
mmol / L
110
140
mg / dL
Standard bicarbonate (ESCB)
Arterial and venous
21-22
27-28
mmol / L or mEq / L
134
170
mg / dL
Liver function
More information: evidence liver function
Test
The typical patient
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Comments
Total Protein
60, 63
78, 82, 84
g / L
see hypoproteinemia
Albumin
35
48, 55
g / L
see hypoalbuminemia
3.5
4.8, 5.5
U / L
540
740
mol / L
Globulins
23
35
g / L
Total Bilirubin
1.7, 2, 3.4, 5
17, 22, 25
mol / L
0.1, 0.2, 0.29
1.0, 1.3, 1.4
mg / dL
Direct or conjugated bilirubin
0.0 or N / A
5, 7
mol / L
0
0.3, 0.4
mg / dL
Alanine transaminase (ALT / ALAT)
1, 5, 7, 8
20, 21, 56
U / L
Also called serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase (GPT)
Female
0.15
0.75
kat / L
Masculine
0.15
1.1
Aspartate transaminase (AST / ASAT)
Female
6
34
IU / L
Also called
glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT)
0.25
0.60
kat / L
Masculine
8
40
IU / L
0.25
0.75
kat / L
Alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
Female
42
98
U / L
Masculine
53
128
(Enzyme activity)
0.6
1.8
kat / L
Gama glutamyl transferase (GGT)
5, 8
40, 78
U / L
Heart tests
Test
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Comments
Creatine kinase (CK) - male
24, 38, 60
174, 320
U / L
or ng / mL
Creatine kinase (CK) - women
24, 38, 96
140, 200
CK-MB
0
3, 3.8, 5
ng / mL or g / L
Troponin Values of 12 hours after the onset of pain:
Test
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Comments
Troponin-T
.02
ng / mL or g / L
Upper limit of normal
Troponin-I
0.2
ng / mL or g / L
Upper limit of normal
Troponin-T
0.02
0.10
ng / mL or g / L
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Troponin-I
0.2
1.00
ng / mL or g / L
Acute Coronary Syndrome
Troponin-T
0.10
n / a
ng / mL or g / L
Probable myocardial infarction
Troponin-I
1.00
n / a
ng / mL or g / L
Myocardial infarction likely
Other enzymes and proteins
Test
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Comments
The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)
50
150
U / L
0.4
1.7
mol / L
LDH (enzyme activity)
1.8
3.4
kat / L
<70 years old
Amylase
25, 30, 53
110, 120, 123, 125, 190
U / L
0.15
1.1
kat / L
C-reactive protein (CRP)
n / a
5, 6
mg / L
200, 240
nmol / L
D-dimer
n / a
500
ng / mL
Superior in pregnant women
0.5
mg / L
Lipase
7, 10, 23
60, 150, 208
U / L
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE)
23
57
U / L
Acid phosphatase
3.0
ng / mL
Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP)
2.3
16
g / L
Other ions and trace metals
More information: Metals
Test
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Ionized calcium (Ca)
1.03 , 1.10
1.23 1.30
mmol / L
4.1, 4.4
4.9, 5.2
mg / dL
total calcium (Ca)
2.1, 2.2
2.5 2.6, 2.8
mmol / L
8.4, 8.5
10.2, 10.5
mg / dL
Phosphate (HPO42)
0.8
1.5
mmol / L
Compounds phosphorus (serum)
1.0
1.5
mmol / L
3.0
4.5
mg / dL
Copper (Cu)
11
24
mol / L
Zinc (Zn)
60, 72
110, 130
g / dL
9.2, 11
17, 20
mol / L
Magnesium
1.5, 1.7
2.0, 2.3
mEq / L or mg / dL
0.6, 0.7
0.82 0.95
mmol / L
Selenium (optimum range)
120
g / L
Lipids
More information: Blood lipids
Test
Average patient
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
therapeutic target
Triglycerides
10 39 years
54
110
mg / dL
<100 mg / dL
or 1.1 mmol / L
0.61
1.2
mmol / L
40 59 years
70
150
mg / dL
0.77
1.7
mmol / L
> 60 years
80
150
mg / dL
0.9
1.7
mmol / L
Total cholesterol
3.0, 3.6
5.0, 6.5
mmol / L
<3.9
120, 140
200, 250
mg / dL
<150
HDL cholesterol
female
1.0, 1.2, 1.3
2.2
mmol / L
> 1.0 mmol / L
> 40 or 60 mg / dL
40, 50
86
mg / dL
HDL cholesterol
male
0.9
2.0
mmol / L
35
80
mg / dL
LDL cholesterol
(Not valid when
triglycerides> 5.0 mmol / L)
2.0, 2.4
3.0, 3.4
mmol / L
<2.5
80, 94
120, 130
mg / dL
<100
LDL / HDL ratio
n / a
5
(No Units)
Tumor markers
More information: Tumor Markers
Test
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Comments
Alpha fetoprotein (AFP)
0
44
ng / mL
Beta human chorionic gonadotropin (bHCG)
n / a
5
IU / l mU / ml
in male and nonpregnant female
CA19-9
n / a
40
U / ml
CA-125
n / a
30, 35
kU / L or U / mL
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
No smoking at age 50
n / a
3.4, 3.6
g / l
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
No smoking at age 70
n / a
4.1
g / l
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) - Smokers
n / a
5
g / l
Prostate specific antigen (PSA)
n / a
2.5, 4
g / L or ng / mL
under 45 <2.5 g / L
PAP
0
3
units / dL (Bodansky units)
Thyroid hormones
More information: Thyroid hormone
Test
The typical patient
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
The thyroid stimulating hormone
(TSH or thyrotropin)
Adults -
standard range
0.3, 0.4, 0.5, 0.6
4.0, 4.5, 6.0
mIU / L or IU / mL
Adults -
optimum range
0.3, 0.5
2.0, 3.0
mIU / L or IU / mL
Babies
1.3
19
mIU / L or IU / mL
Free thyroxine (FT4)
Normal adult
0.7, 0.8
1.4, 1.5
ng / dL
9, 10, 12
18, 23
pmol / L
Child 0-3 d
2.0
5.0
ng / dL
26
65
pmol / L
Children 3-30 d
0.9
2.2
ng / dL
12
30
pmol / L
Children and Adolescents
31 d - 18
0.8
2.0
ng / dL
10
26
pmol / L
Pregnant
0.5
1.0
ng / dL
6.5
13
pmol / L
Total thyroxine
60
140, 160
nmol / L
4, 5,5
11, 12.3
g / dL
free triiodothyronine (FT3)
Normal adult
0.2
0.5
ng / dL
3.1
7.7
pmol / L
Children 2-16 and
0.1
0.6
ng / dL
1.5
9.2
pmol / L
Total triiodothyronine
0.9, 1.1
2.5, 2.7
nmol / L
60, 75
175, 181
ng / dL
Thyroxine binding globulin (TBG)
12
30
mg / L
Thyroglobulin (Tg)
1.5
30
pmol / L
1
20
g / L
Sex hormones
More information: sex steroids
Test
The typical patient
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Testosterone
Man in general
8, 10
27, 35
nmol / L
230, 300
780 - 1000
ng / dL
Men <50 years
10
45
nmol / L
290
1300
ng / dL
Men> 50 years
6.2
26
nmol / L
180
740
ng / dL
Female
0.7
2.8 to 3.0
nmol / L
20
80-85
ng / dL
17 Hydroxyprogesterone
male
0.06
3.0
mg / L
Female (follicular phase)
0.2
1.0
mg / L
Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
Prepubertal
<1
3
IU / L
Adult male
1
8
Adult female (follicular
and the luteal phase)
1
11
Adult women (ovulation)
6
95% PI (standard)
26
IP 95%)
5
90% of PI (used in the diagram)
15
(90% PI)
Post-menopausal women
30
118
Hormone luteinizing hormone (LH)
Male, pico
20
Than 90% of PI (used in the diagram)
75
(90% PI)
IU / L
Man, after menopause
15
60
The estradiol (an estrogen)
Adult male
50
200
pmol / L
1.4
5.5
ng / dL
Adult female (follicular phase, day 5)
70
IP 95% (standard)
500
95% PI
pmol / L
110
90% of PI (used in diagram)
220
90% of PI
1.9 (95% PI)
14 (95% PI)
ng / dL
3.0 (90% PI)
6.0 (90% PI)
Adult women (Preovulatory)
400
1500
pmol / L
11
41
ng / dL
Adult females (luteal phase)
70
600
pmol / L
1.9
16
ng / dL
post-menopausal women
N / A
<130
pmol / L
N / A
<3.5
ng / DL
Progesterone
Women on the day of ovulation
2.2 (90% PI)
9 (90% PI)
nmol / L
70 (90% PI)
280 (90% PI)
ng / dL
Androstenedione
Adult men and women
60
270
ng / dL
post-menopausal women
<180
Prepubertal
<60
Other hormones
More information: Hormones
Test
The typical patient
Lower limit
Limit superior
Unit
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
4.4
18, 22
pmol / L
20
80, 100
pg / mL
Cortisol
9:00 am
140
700
nmol / L
5
25
g / dL
Midnight
80
350
nmol / L
2.9
13
g / DL
Growth hormone (fasting)
0
5
ng / mL
Growth hormone (arginine stimulation)
7
n / a
ng / ML
Prolactin
Female
n / a
20
ng / mL or g / L
Masculine
15
Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
10, 17
65, 70
pg / mL
1.1, 1.8
6.9, 7.5
pmol / L
25-hydroxycholecalciferol (vitamin D)
"Standard Reference Range
8, 9
40, 80
ng / mL
20, 23
95, 150
nmol / L
25-hydroxycholecalciferol
wide therapeutic target
30, 40
65, 100
ng / mL
85, 100
120, 160
nmol / L
Amino Acids
Test
Sex
Age
Lower limit
Top limit
Unit
High
therapeutic target
Homocysteine
Female
1219 years
3.3
7.2
mol / L
> 10.4 mol / L
or
> 140 g / dl
<6.3 mol / L
or
<85 g / dL
45
100
g / dL
> 60 years
4.9
11.6
mol / L
66
160
g / dL
Masculine
1219 years
4.3
9.9
mol / L
> 11.4 mol / L
or
> 150 g / dL
60
130
g / dL
> 60 years
5.9
15.3
mol / L
80
210
g / dL
Vitamins
Test
The typical patient
Standard range
Unit
Optimum range
Lower limit
Upper limit
Lower limit
Upper limit
Vitamin A
30
65
g / dL
Vitamin B9
(Folic acid and folic acid) - Serum
Age> 1 year
3.0
16
ng / mL or g / L
5
6.8
36
nmol / l
11
Vitamin B9
(Folic acid and folic acid) - Red blood cells
200
600
ng / mL or g / L
450
1400
nmol / L
Pregnant
ng / mL or g / L
400
nmol / L
900
Vitamin B12 (Cobalamin)
130, 160
700, 950
ng / L
100, 120
520, 700
pmol / L
Vitamin C (ascorbic acid)
0.4
1.5
mg / dL
0.9
23
85
mol / L
50
25-hydroxycholecalciferol (a vitamin D)
8, 9
40, 80
ng / mL
30, 40
65, 100
20, 23
95, 150
nmol / L
85, 100
120, 160
Vitamin E
mol / L
28
mg / dL
1.2
Toxins
Test
Limit type
Limit
Unit
Lead
Optimum health varies
<20 or 40
g / dL
Ethanol
Limit for drunk driving
0, 0.2, 0.8
or g / L
17.4
mmol / L
Hematology
Hematology is the branch of biology (physiology), pathology, clinical laboratory, internal medicine and pediatrics dealing with the study of blood, blood-forming organs and blood diseases.
Red blood cells
These values (except for hemoglobin in plasma) are not only whole blood and blood plasma.
Test
Patient
Lower limit
Top limit
Unit
Comments
Hemoglobin (Hb)
male
2.0, 2.1
2.5, 2.7
mmol / L
Staff in the newborns, minor children.
130, 132, 135
162, 170, 175
g / L
female
1.8, 1.9
2.3, 2.5
mmol / L
Sex difference negligible until adulthood.
120
150, 152, 160
g / L
Hemoglobin in plasma
0.16
0.62
mol / L
Normally tiny compared with the interior of red blood cells
1
4
mg / dL
Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c)
<50 years
3.6
5.0
% Hb
> 50 years
3.9
5.3
Haptoglobin
<50 years
0.35
1.9
g / L
> 50 years
0.47
2.1
Hematocrit (Hct)
male
0.39, 0.4, 0.41, 0.45
0.50, 0.52,0.53, 0.62
female
0.35, 0.36,0.37
0.46, 0.48
Child
0.31
0.43
Mean corpuscular volume (MCV)
Masculine
76, 82
100, 102
fL
The cells are larger in neonates, though smaller in other children.
Female
78
101
fL
Red blood cell distribution width (RDW)
11.5
14.5
%
Mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH)
0.39
0.54
fmol / cell
25, 27
32, 33, 35
pg / cell
Corpuscular hemoglobin concentration (MCHC)
31, 32
35, 36
g / dL
4.8, 5.0
5.4, 5.6
mmol / L
The erythrocyte / red blood cells (RBC)
male
4.2, 4.3
5.7 5.9, 6.2, 6.9
x1012 / L
Female
3.5, 3.8, 3.9
5.1, 5.5
x1012 / L
Infant / Child
3.8
5.5
x1012 / L
Reticulocytes
26
130
x109 / L
Adult
0.5
1.5
% RBC
Newborn
1.1
4.5
% Of RBC
Infant
0.5
3.1
% RBC
White blood cells
These values correspond to whole blood and not only blood plasma.
Test
The typical patient
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
White blood cell count (WBC.)
Adult
3.5, 3.9, 4.1, 4.5
9.0, 10.0, 10.9, 11
x109 / L
x103/mm3 or
x103 / L
Newborn
9
30
1 year
6
18
Neutrophils
(AKA grans, polygons, PMNs, or segs)
Adult
1.3, 1.8, 2
5,4, 7, 8
x109 / L
45-54
62, 74
% WBC
Newborn
6
26
x109 / L
Neutrophil band forms
Adult
0.7
x109 / L
3
5
% WBC
Lymphocytes
Adult
0.7, 1.0
3.5, 3.9, 4.8
x109 / L
16-25
33, 45
% WBC
Newborn
2
11
x109 / L
Monocytes
Adult
0.1, 0.2
0.8
x109 / L
3, 4.0
7, 10
% Of WBC
Newborn
0.4
3.1
x109 / L
Mononuclear leukocytes
(Lymphocytes + monocytes)
Adult
1.5
5
x109 / L
20
35
% Of WBC
CD4 + cells
Adult
0.4 0.5
1.5, 1.8
x109 / L
Eosinophil granulocytes
Adult
0.0, 0.04
0.44, 0.45, 0.5
x109 / L
1
3, 7
% Of WBC
Newborn
0.02
0.85
x109 / L
Basophilic granulocytes
Adult
40
100, 200, 900
x106 / L
0.0
0.75, 2
% Of WBC
Newborn
0.64
x109 / L
Coagulation
Test
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Comments
Platelet / RBC (PLT)
140, 150
350, 400, 450
x109 / L
Prothrombin time (TP)
10, 11, 12
13, 13.5, 14, 15
s
PT reference ranges of laboratory equipment - INR is standardized
INR
0.9
1.2
The INR is a ratio corrected patients with a normal PT
Activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT)
18, 30
28, 42, 45
s
Thrombin clotting time (TCT)
11
18
s
Fibrinogen
1.7, 2.0
3.6, 4.2
g / L
Antithrombin
0.80
1.2
kIU / L
Bleeding time
2
9
record
Viscosity
1.5
1.72
cP
Immunology
Category
Test
Patient
Lower limit
Upper limit
Unit
Comments
Acute phase protein
markers of inflammation
ESR
(ESR)
Masculine
0
Age2
mm / h
ESR increases with age tends to be higher in women.
Female
(Age 10) 2
C-reactive protein (CRP)
n / a
5, 6
mg / L
200, 240
nmol / L
Alpha 1-antitrypsin (AAT)
20, 22
38, 53
mol / L
89, 97
170, 230
mg / dL
Immunoglobulins
IgA
Adult
70, 110
360, 560
mg / dL
IgD
0.5
3.0
IgE
0.01
0.04
IgG
800
1800
IgM
54
220
Autoantibodies
Antinuclear antibodies (ANA)
extractable nuclear antigen (ENA)
Rheumatoid Factor (RF)
0
20-30
IU / mL
High levels are not specific for rheumatoid arthritis alone.
Serology
Titers O
(ASTO)
Preschoolers
n / a
100
units / mL
School age
250
Adult
125
See also
Blood test
Cardiology diagnostic tests and procedures
Comprehensive metabolic panel
Medical Technical
The reference range
References
^ Page 34: The units of measurement in medical toxicology By Richard C. Dart Edition: 3, published by Lippincott Illustrated Williams & Wilkins, 2004 ISBN 0781728452, 9780781728454 1914 pages
^ Abcdefghijklmnopqrstu vw xyz aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah aj ak al am an ao to aq ap ar at au av ax egr az ba bb bc bd be bg bh bi bj BF bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc cd ce cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db dc dd df dg dh di dj dk dl dm dn do dp dq dr ds dt du dv dw dx dy comprehensive list of references from Uppsala University Hospital ("Laborationslista). 40 284 artnr Sj74a. Published on April 22, 2008
Abc ^ venous blood compared with reference ranges - Brief Article Medical Laboratory Observer, April, 2000 by D. Robert Dufour
^ Proopiomelanocortin; NCBI - POMC> Retrieved on September 28, 2009
^ Abc Unless otherwise indicated in the boxes, then ref: Ashwood, Edward R., Tietz, Norbert W.; Burtis, Carl A. (1994). Tietz textbook of clinical chemistry (2nd ed.). Philadelphia: Saunders. ISBN 0-7216-4472-4.
^ ABCDEFGHIJKLMNOPQRSTU VWXYZ aa ab ac ae ad af ag ah ai aj ak am an ao to aq ap ar at au av aw ax ay az ba bb bc bd be bg bh bi bj BF bk bl bm bn bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cb cc ce cf CH CD cg ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs cv ct cubic cw cx cy cz da db dc dd Last Page of Deepak A. Rao, Le, Tao, Bhushan, Vikas (2007). First Aid for the USMLE Step 1 2008 (First Aid for USMLE Step 1). McGraw-Hill Medical. ISBN 0-07-149868-0.
^ abcdefghijklmnopqrstu vwxyz aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah aj ak al am an ao to aq ap ar at au av ax az ba egr bb bc bd be bg bh bm BF bi bj bk bl million bo bp bq br bs bt bu bv bw bx by bz ca cc cd ce cb cf cg ch ci cj ck cl cm cn co cp cq cr cs ct cu cv cw cx cy cz da db normal reference current continuous range table at the University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center at Dallas. Used in interactive case study companion to pathologic basis of disease.
Derived Abcd ^ molar values using the molar mass of 22.99mol1
^ Ab Derived molar values using the molar mass of 39.10mol1
^ MERCK MANUAL OF abcdefghijklmn> Common Medical Tests> Blood tests complete the most recent review / revision February 2003
Ab ^ Derived from the molar values using the molar mass of 35.45mol1
^ Abcdefghijklmnopqrstu vwxyz aa ab ac ad ae af ag ah aj ak al am an ao to aq ap ar at au av ax az ba egr bb bc bd be bg bh bi bj BF bk bl bm bn bo bp br bs bu bv bq bt bx pc results blood tests - normal ranges Bloodbook.Com
^ Ab Gardner MD, Scott R (April 1980). "Age and sex related reference intervals of eight components plasma from randomly selected adults in a Scottish town again. "J. Clin. Pathol. 33 (4): 3805. doi: 10.1136/jcp.33.4.380. PMID 7400337. PMC 1,146,084. http://jcp .bmj.com / cgi / pmidlookup? view = long & PMID = 7400337.
^ Abcd Finney H, Newman DJ, Price CP (January 2000). "Reference ranges for adult serum cystatin C, creatinine and predicted creatinine clearance." Ann. Clin. Biochem. 37 (Pt 1): 4959. doi: 10.1258/0004563001901524. PMID 10672373. http://acb.rsmjournals.com/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=10672373.
^ Abcdefgh Molar values derived by multiplying the molar mass of 113.118 g / mol, and is divided by 10,000 to adapt g / L to mg / dL
Ab ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia Glucose test tolerance
^ Abc Derived molar values using the molar mass of 180g/mol
Slon abcdefghijk ^ S (09/22/2006). "Iron Serum." University of Illinois Medical Center. http://uimc.discoveryhospital.com/main.php?t=enc&id=1456. Retrieved on 2006-07-06.
Diagnostic Chemicals Limited Abcd ^> Iron Serum-SL test July 15, 2005
ABCDEFGHIJKLM ^ Derived from the values of molar mass mass 55.85mol1
^ Table 1 ab. Page 133. Clinical Chemistry 45, No. 1 1999 (stating 1.93.3 g / L)
^ Ab Derived by dividing the mass values with molar mass
Abcd ^ ferritin by: Mark Levin, MD, a hematologist and oncologist Newark, NJ. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network
Abcd ^ Derived from the mass values of molar mass of 450,000 mol1
^ ab Mitchell ML, Filippone MD, Wozniak TF (August 2001). "Metastatic carcinomatous cirrhosis and hepatic hemosiderosis in a patient heterozygous for the H63D genotype. Arch. Pathol. Laboratory. Med 125 (8): 10 847. PMID 11473464. http://journals.allenpress.com/jrnlserv/?request=get-abstract&issn=0003-9985&volume=125&page=1084.
^ Ab Diaz J, Tornel PL, Martinez P (July 1995). "Reference Intervals in the blood ammonia in healthy subjects, determined by micro-diffusion." Clin. Chem 41 (7): 1048. PMID 7600690.
Derivatives Abcd ^ molar values using the molar mass of 17.03 g / mol
Ab ^ Derived from the values of molar mass mass 63.55mol1
^ Ab derivative of mass with molar mass of 151kDa
^ Abcd Derived from the mass values of molar mass of 90.08 g / mol
^ Ab Derived mass values with molar mass of 88.06 g / mol
^ P Middleton, Kelly AM, Brown J, M Robertson (August 2006). "Agreement between arterial and central venous values for pH, bicarbonate, base excess, and lactate. "Emerg Med J 23 (8): 6224. doi: 10.1136/emj.2006.035915. PMID 16858095.
^ Abcdefghijkl Medical Education Division Brookside Associates -> ABG (Arterial Blood Gas) Retrieved on December 6, 2009
^ Ab Derived molar values using the molar mass of 1.01mol1
^ Abcdefgh Derived values by 0.133322 mmHg kPa / mmHg
Ab ^ Derived from the molar values using the molar mass of 44.010 g / mol
Abcd ^ Derived values molars using the molar mass of 61 g / mol
^ The reference band (albumin) in GPnotebook
Ab ^ Derived from the mass using the molecular weight of 65kD
^ Abcde Derived from the values of molar mass mass 585g/mol
Ab ^ Derived from the molar values using the molar mass of 585g/mol
^ Abcdefghijklmnopqrs Fachwrterbuch Kompakt Medizin ED / DE. Author: Jürgen Fritz-Nhring. Issue 2. Publisher: Elsevier, urban and FischerVerlag, 2004. ISBN 3437151207, 9783437151200. Length: 1288 pages
Abcd ^ GPnotebook reference range> (AST) Retrieved on December 7, 2009
Ab ^ GPnotebook creatine kinase
^ ABCDEFGHIJ South London Healthcare NHS Trust
^ The reference range (amylase) in GPnotebook
Ab ^ C-reactive protein GPnotebook
^ Ab 2730 Serum C-reactive protein values in diabetics with disease periodontal AR Choudhury, S. Rahman, Birdem, Diabetic Association of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh. (Diabetics were not used to determine the intervals reference)
Abcd ^ Derived from the mass molar mass of 25 106 g / mol
^ Measurement of plasma levels of D-Dimer for the early diagnosis of stroke subtypes MD Walter ischemic Agen, Sergio Finazzi, MD, Luigi Steidl, MD; Biotti Maria Grazia, MD, Valentina Mera, MD; Melzi d'Eril GianVico, MD, Achille Venco, MD. Arch Intern Med 2002, 162:2589-2593.
^ JA Kline, GW Williams, J Hernandez-Nino (May 2005). "The D-dimer concentrations in normal pregnancy: new diagnostic thresholds are needed. "Clinical Chemistry 51 (5): 8259. doi: 10.1373/clinchem.2004.044883. PMID 15,764,641. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/content/full/51/5/825.
Ab ^ Larsson L, Ohman S (November 1978). "Serum ionized calcium and corrected total calcium in borderline hyperparathyroidism. Clin. Chem 24 (11): 19 625. PMID 709 830. http://www.clinchem.org/cgi/pmidlookup?view=long&pmid=709830.
^ Abcd Derived molar values using the molar mass of 40.08 mol1
^ abc Derived from the mass values of molar mass of 40.08 mol1
^ F. Walter, PhD. Boro (2005). Medical Physiology: A Cellular and Molecular Approaoch. Elsevier / Saunders. ISBN 1-4160-2328-3. Page 849
^ Reference range for copper in GPnotebook
^ A b http://www.dlolab.com/PDFs/DLO-OCTOBER-2008-LAB-UPDATE.pdf
Derived Ab ^ molar values using the molar mass of 65.38 g / mol
Ab ^ Derived from the mass values using the molar mass of 65.38 g / mol
Ab ^ Derived values molars using the molar mass of 24.31/mol
Ab ^ Derived from the values of molar mass mass 24.31/mol
Adeva abcdefghijklmn ^ Nutritionals Canada> test Optimal values of blood Retrieved on July 9, 2009
^ Abcdef Derived from the values in mg / dl to mmol / l, divide by 89, according faqs.org: What are mg / dl and mmol l /? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last updated July 21, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009
Abc ^ Derived values mg / dl to mmol / l, divide by 39, according faqs.org: What are mg / dl and mmol l /? How to change? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last updated 21 July 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009
Abc ^ Reference range (cholesterol) in GPnotebook
^ Abcdefgh Royal College of Pathologists of Australasia, cholesterol (HDL and LDL) - plasma or serum Last Updated: Monday, August 6, 2007
^ What average cholesterol levels. American Heart Association. Retrieved on September 12, 2009
Abc ^ defghi Derived from the values in mmol / l (mg / dl), multiplied by 39, according faqs.org: What are mg / dl and l mmol /? How to convert? Glucose? Cholesterol? Last Update July 21, 2009. Retrieved on July 21, 2009
^ American Chemical Association Clinical HDL cholesterol
^ GP Notebook range> (detail, ca-125) Retrieved on January 5, 2009
Interpretations ^ ClinLab Navigator>> Test CA-125 Retrieved on January 5, 2009
J ^ ab Bjerner, Hgetveit A, Wold Akselberg K, et al. (June 2008). "Reference intervals for carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), CA125, MUC1, Alfa-feto-protein (AFP), neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and CA 19.9 of NORIP study. "Scandinavian journal of laboratory research clinical and 68: 112. doi: 10.1080/00365510802126836. PMID 18609108.
^ Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) in MedicineNet
^ The reference range of TSH Wars: What is "normal?" Who's wrong Who's right … By Mary Shomon, About.com. Updated: June 19, 2006. About.com disease Health and Status
^ Ab 2006 releases: Thyroid Imbalance? Target your contact numbers: Bryan Campbell American Association] of Endocrinologists Clinical
^ Ab Wars TSH Reference Range: What is "normal?" Who's wrong Who's right … By Shomon Mary, About.com. Updated: June 19, 2006
^ Ab Demers, Laurence M., Carole A. Spencer (2002). "LMPG: Laboratory Support for Diagnosis and Monitoring thyroid disease. "National Academy of Clinical Biochemistry (USA). Http: / / www.nacb.org / lmpg / thyroid_LMPG_PDF.stm. Retrieved 2007-04-13. - See Section 2. pre-analytical factors
^ ABCDEFGHIJ free T4, thyroxine, free, T4, Free UNC Health Care System
^ ABCDEFGHIJ Derived from the mass using the molar mass values of 776.87 g / mol
^ Abcdefghijklmn Table 4: Typical reference ranges for serum tests - Thyroid Disease Manager
Abcd ^ Euthyroid Patient with elevated serum free thyroxine George van der Watt1, a, David Berman and Peter Haarburger1
Abcd ^ Derived from the mass values using the molar mass of 650.98 g / mol
^ Ab Serum free T3, free T4 and TSH in healthy children Michele Cioffi, Gazzerro Patrizia, Maria Teresa Vietri, Magnetta Rosa, Durante, Adriana; Annamaria D'Auria, Giovanni Alfredo Puca, Anna Maria Molinari;
Ab ^ Andrology Australia: Your Health> Diagnostics low> testosterone
^ Abcd Derived from the mass values using the molar mass of 288.42g/mol
^ Abcdefg Derived molar values using the molar mass of 288.42g/mol
MedlinePlus Abcd ^> testosterone update: 3/18/2008. Updated by: Elizabeth H. Holt, MD, PhD, Yale University. Review provided by VeriMed Healthcare Network. Conducted by: Zieve, MD, MHA, Medical Director
^ Abcdefghij reference range (FSH) GPnotebook. Retrieved on September 27, 2009
^ Abcdefgh values taken from day 1 after the LH: Establishment of detailed reference values for luteinizing hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, estradiol and progesterone during different phases of the menstrual cycle in the Abbott ARCHITECT analyzer. Reto Stricker, Rafael Eberhart, Marie-Christine Chevailler, Quinn A. Frank, Paul Bischof, and Rene Stricker. Clin Chem Lab Med 2006; 44 (7): 883 887 PMID: 16,776,638
^ Abcdef New York Hospital Queens> Services & Facilities> pathology of the patient> Analysis> New York Hospital Queens Diagnostic Laboratories Directory> Test reference> Ranges Retrieved November 8, 2009
^ ABCDEFGHIJ GPNotebook - reference range (estradiol) Retrieved on September 27, 2009
^ Abcdefghijkl Derived molar values using the molar mass of 272.38g/mol
Ab ^ Derived from the molar values using the molar mass 314.46 g / mol
Ab ^ Derived from the mass values with molar mass according to 4540g/mol proopiomelanocortin; NCBI - POMC> Retrieved on September 28, 2009
^ "Hormone adrenocorticotropic: "Normal. WebMD. 09/03/2006. http://children.webmd.com/adrenocorticotropic-hormone?page=2. Retrieved on 09/11/2008.
^ Derived from the molar values using the molar mass of 4540g/mol as proopiomelanocortin; NCBI -> POMC Retrieved on September 28, 2009
^ Abcd Biochemistry Reference Ranges of Good Hope Hospital Retrieved on November 8, 2009
Abcd ^ Derived from the molar values using the molar mass of 362 g / mol
^ Ab derivatives molar values using the mass molar of 9.4 kDa
^ Ab in Table 2: Aloia JF, Feuerman M, Yeh JK (2006). "The reference range for serum parathyroid hormone." Endocr Pract 12 (2): 13 744. PMID 16690460.
Ab ^ Derived from the mass values of molar mass of 9.4 kDa
^ Abcdef Derived from the values molars with molar mass 400.6 g / mol
^ Abcd Bender, David A. (2003). "Vitamin D". Nutritional biochemistry of vitamins. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. ISBN 0-521-80388-8. http://books.google.com.br/books?id=pxEJNs0IUo4C. Retrieved on December 10, 2008 through Google Book Search.
Abcd ^ Bischoff-Ferrari HA, Dietrich, T., Orava, HS, Hu, FB, Zhang, Y., Karlson, E., Dawson-Hughes, B. 2004. Higher levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D are associated with lower limb function over both active and inactive adults aged 60 +. American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. 80:752-758.
^ Abcd Reusch J, Ackermann H, K Badenhoop (May 2009). "The cyclical changes of vitamin D and PTH are regulated primarily solar radiation: analysis of five years of a German (50 ° N) of the population. "Horm. Metab. Res 41 (5): 4027. doi: 10.1055/s-0028-1128131. PMID 19241329.
^ Abcdefgh Letter: Calcium and vitamin D in preventing fractures. The data are not sufficient to demonstrate the ineffectiveness Alex Vasquez researcher. BMJ 2005; 331:108-109 (09 July), doi: 10.1136/bmj.331.7508.108-b.
^ Abcdefgh The doctor's doctor: Homocysteine
Derived ^ abcdefgh molar values using molar massof 135 g / mol
^ Abcdef Central Manchester University Hospitals -> Reference ranges Retrieved on July 9, 2009
^ University of Kentucky Chandler> Medical Center Clinical Laboratory Reference Guide Gama Retrieved April 28, 2009
^ Abcde Derived from the mass values with molar mass of 441 mol1
^ Abcdefg GPnotebook> B12 Retrieved on April 28, 2009
^ Ab training Derived molar values using the molar mass of 1355g/mol
Ab ^ Derived from the values of molar mass using mass 1355g/mol
Ab ^ Derived from the mass values of molar mass of 176 g / mol
Abc ^ for driving under the influence countries, see drunk driving law by country
^ Derived from the values of molar mass mass 46g/mol
^ Abcde Derived from the mass values 64 500 g / mol, according to Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "The performance of near infrared spectroscopy to measure the local consumption O2 and blood flow in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 90 (2): 511 519. PMID 11160049.
Abcd ^ mass concentration obtained by using molar mass of 64 458 g / mol (Van Beekvelt MC, Colier WN, Wevers RA, Van Engelen BG (2001). "Performance of near infrared spectroscopy to measure consumption O2 and local blood flow in skeletal muscle. J Appl Physiol 90 (2): 511 519. PMID 11160049) .. 1 g / dL = 0.1551 mmol / L
^ Abcdefgh lymphomation.org Testing> Laboratories and Image>> complete blood count Retrieved on May 14, 2009
^ Abcdefghijklmnopqrstu Clinical Laboratory Medicine. By Kenneth D. McClatchey. Page 807.
Determination of monocyte count by hematology analyzers ^, the manual method and flow cytometry Polish population in the Central European Journal of Immunology 1-2/2006. (Centr Eur J Immunol 2006; 31 (1-2), 1-5) author: Elbieta Grska, Urszula Demkow, Roman Pikowski, Barbara Jakubczak, Dorota Matuszewicz, Jolanta Gawda, Wioletta Rzeszotarska Mary Wsik,
003 652 Ab ^ MedlinePlus Encyclopedia
^ Ab Retrieved on November 20, 2009
^ Miller AB, Green M, Robinson D (1983). "Simple rule for calculating normal erythrocyte sedimentation rate." Br Med J (Clin Res Ed) 286 (6361): 266. doi: 10.1136/bmj.286.6361.266. PMID 6402065.
^ Bttiger LE, Svedberg CA (1967). "The normal rate of sedimentation of erythrocytes and the age." Br Med J 2 (5544): 857. doi: 10.1136/bmj.2.5544.85. PMID 6020854.
Ab ^ Sipahi T, Kara C, B Tavila, Inci A, Oksal A March (2003). Alpha-1 antitrypsin deficiency: a cause of the disease is overlooked late hemorrhagic " newborn. J. Pediatr. Hematol. Oncol. 25 (3): 2745. doi: 10.1097/00043426-200303000-00019. PMID 12621252. http://www.jpho-online.com/pt/re/jpho/fulltext.00043426-200303000-00019.htm.
Ab ^ Derived from mass values with molar mass of 44324.5 g / mol
Ab ^ Derived from the molar values using the molar mass of 44324.5 g / mol
^ ABCDEFGHIJ The American Society of Clinical Sciences Laboratory Testing> Chemical> Immunoglobulins Retrieved on November 26, 2009
External Links
biochemical values GPnotebook reference
Values in lymphomation.org
Descriptions in amarillomed.com
EV
Medical Examination: Serology, reference range: analysis blood
Clinical Biochemistry
Metabolic panel
BMP: electrolytes (Na + / K +, Cl-/HCO3-) renal function, the proportion BUN / creatinine in blood (BUN / creatinine) Glucose California
CMP: BMP protein tests + (human serum albumin, total protein in serum) test liver function (ALP, ALT, AST, bilirubin)
derivative securities: Plasma osmolal gap Serum osmolality
The acid-base homeostasis
Base arterial blood gas anion gap excess CO2 content
Iron tests
Transferrin saturation = serum iron / total capacity iron-binding
Ferritin Transferrin transferrin receptor
Blood Sugar
Glucose test glucose test glucose tolerance test C-peptide noninvasive hemoglobin Fructosamine glycosylated
Endocrine
ACTH stimulation test thyroid function tests
Cardiac Marker
Troponin test CPK-MB test glycogen phosphorylase isoenzyme BB
Other
Beutler test blood lipids of a tumor marker
Hematology / CBC
Coagulation
Platelet count volume platelet vWF: Ristocetin induced platelet agglutination
coagulation factors: prothrombin time partial thromboplastin time thrombin time
other / general coagulation: Bleeding time animal enzyme (Reptilase time Ecarin clotting time, time to dilute Russell viper venom) Thromboelastography
fibrinolysis: euglobulin lysis time of D-dimer
Red blood cell indices
Hemoglobin Hematocrit WBC
relationship: mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration Mean corpuscular hemoglobin Mean corpuscular volume
Fetal hemoglobin: Apt-Downey test Kleihauer-Betke Red blood cell test distribution width
Reticulocyte index haptoglobin
Other
Blood film blood viscosity neutrophils Total
Immunology
Infections
Viral infection: HIV (HIV testing, bDNA test) of Epstein-Barr virus (heterophile antibody test)
Bacterial infection: syphilis (VDRL, test rapid plasma reagin, Wassermann test, FTA-ABS) rickettsia (Weil-Felix test) helicobacter (HelicoCARE direct) streptococci (ASO title)
protozoan infection: toxoplasmosis (Sabin-Feldman test dye)
Inflammation
C-reactive protein erythrocyte sedimentation rate RAST test MELISA
see also reference ranges for blood tests
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